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Composition of Transducer

Views: 0     Author: Emit Dental     Publish Time: 2024-07-10      Origin: Site

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The transducer primarily consists of an amplitude rod, a piezoelectric ceramic group, and a counterweight.

  • Amplitude Rod. This is a crucial part of the transducer. Its shape and size significantly impact the performance of the transducer, so it must be designed and calculated precisely. Common types of amplitude rods include conical, exponential, stepped, and some combined types. 

conical transducer

Figure 1 Conical Transducer

exponential transducer

Figure 2 Exponential Transducer


  • Piezoelectric Ceramic Group. Composed of four piezoelectric ceramics, forming an even-numbered structure.

  • Counterweight. Connected to the amplitude rod by threads.


Material Selection and Assembly of Transducer Components

The amplitude rod and counterweight are connected by threads, serving two purposes:

  1. Clamping the piezoelectric ceramics

  2. Transmitting sound waves

Material selection should consider the acoustic performance to closely match the piezoelectric ceramics. 

Specific requirements include:

  • Similar density to the piezoelectric ceramics

  • Good elasticity

  • High mechanical quality factor

  • Good thermal conductivity


Common materials include tool steel, aluminum bronze, silicon bronze, titanium alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, and hard aluminum. To ensure high electro-acoustic efficiency, titanium alloy is preferred. 

brass

Figure 3 Brass


aluminum bronze 

Figure 4 Aluminum Bronze


titanium alloy

Figure 5 Titanium Alloy


Experiments using various copper materials to observe water atomization and measure amplitude, electro-acoustic efficiency, and transducer heating after 30 minutes yielded the following data in following Table 1-1:

Material

Electro-Acoustic  

Efficiency

Amplitude (mm)

Atomization 

Radius (mm)

Temperature after 

30 minutes ()

Brass

0.66

0.001 ~   0.003

30

42

Aluminum Bronze

0.78

0.003 ~   0.006

90

28

Silicon Bronze

0.88

0.003 ~   0.009

190

20

Titanium Alloy

0.94

0.003 ~   0.025

250

18

The data indicates that titanium alloy offers the highest electro-acoustic efficiency and the least heating, making it the most suitable material for the transducer.


Assembly Requirements

  • The end faces of the amplitude rod and counterweight must be very smooth and flat, with high parallelism and concentricity to ensure a tight connection with the piezoelectric ceramics.

  • Apply a pre-stress J0 of 25Pa during assembly to ensure the output voltage Vmin is 2.5kV.


Ultrasonic Scaling Tip

The scaling tip of an ultrasonic scaler is a crucial component for completing the scaling process. 

Under constant conditions of the scaler, different functions can be achieved by altering the shape or length of the scaling tip, resulting in varying power outputs.


The ultrasonic generator converts electrical energy into mechanical oscillations through the inverse piezoelectric effect using piezoelectric plates. Higher power corresponds to greater amplitude. When the scaling tip is in optimal alignment with the ultrasonic generator, it emits a standard sine wave.

mechanical oscillations

Figure 6 Mechanical Oscillations


A light touch of the scaling tip to the dental calculus can cause large pieces to break off. During vibrations, the scaling tip also generates heat due to the resistance encountered.


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