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Views: 0 Author: Emit Dental Publish Time: 2024-07-10 Origin: Site
The transducer primarily consists of an amplitude rod, a piezoelectric ceramic group, and a counterweight.
Amplitude Rod. This is a crucial part of the transducer. Its shape and size significantly impact the performance of the transducer, so it must be designed and calculated precisely. Common types of amplitude rods include conical, exponential, stepped, and some combined types.
Figure 1 Conical Transducer
Figure 2 Exponential Transducer
Piezoelectric Ceramic Group. Composed of four piezoelectric ceramics, forming an even-numbered structure.
Counterweight. Connected to the amplitude rod by threads.
Material Selection and Assembly of Transducer Components
The amplitude rod and counterweight are connected by threads, serving two purposes:
Clamping the piezoelectric ceramics
Transmitting sound waves
Material selection should consider the acoustic performance to closely match the piezoelectric ceramics.
Specific requirements include:
Similar density to the piezoelectric ceramics
Good elasticity
High mechanical quality factor
Good thermal conductivity
Common materials include tool steel, aluminum bronze, silicon bronze, titanium alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, and hard aluminum. To ensure high electro-acoustic efficiency, titanium alloy is preferred.
Figure 3 Brass
Figure 4 Aluminum Bronze
Figure 5 Titanium Alloy
Experiments using various copper materials to observe water atomization and measure amplitude, electro-acoustic efficiency, and transducer heating after 30 minutes yielded the following data in following Table 1-1:
Material | Electro-Acoustic Efficiency | Amplitude (mm) | Atomization Radius (mm) | Temperature after 30 minutes (℃) |
Brass | 0.66 | 0.001 ~ 0.003 | 30 | 42 |
Aluminum Bronze | 0.78 | 0.003 ~ 0.006 | 90 | 28 |
Silicon Bronze | 0.88 | 0.003 ~ 0.009 | 190 | 20 |
Titanium Alloy | 0.94 | 0.003 ~ 0.025 | 250 | 18 |
The data indicates that titanium alloy offers the highest electro-acoustic efficiency and the least heating, making it the most suitable material for the transducer.
Assembly Requirements
The end faces of the amplitude rod and counterweight must be very smooth and flat, with high parallelism and concentricity to ensure a tight connection with the piezoelectric ceramics.
Apply a pre-stress J0 of 25Pa during assembly to ensure the output voltage Vmin is 2.5kV.
Ultrasonic Scaling Tip
The scaling tip of an ultrasonic scaler is a crucial component for completing the scaling process.
Under constant conditions of the scaler, different functions can be achieved by altering the shape or length of the scaling tip, resulting in varying power outputs.
The ultrasonic generator converts electrical energy into mechanical oscillations through the inverse piezoelectric effect using piezoelectric plates. Higher power corresponds to greater amplitude. When the scaling tip is in optimal alignment with the ultrasonic generator, it emits a standard sine wave.
Figure 6 Mechanical Oscillations
A light touch of the scaling tip to the dental calculus can cause large pieces to break off. During vibrations, the scaling tip also generates heat due to the resistance encountered.